Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/262053702?client_source=feed&format=rss
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Sunday, November 11, 2012
Sex, Lies, and the Brain | Psychology Today
It?s often said that everyone lies. ?Psychologists have data to back up this statement. According to Robert S. Feldman, a University of Massachusetts Amherst social psychologist, men lie to impress other people, and women lie to preserve someone else?s feelings. By virtue of the nature of the subject matter, though, it?s not always easy to tell even if a research participant is telling the truth. This is a big problem in an experimental setting, where participants know they?re being monitored. If you want to look good to a psychologist, you?ll probably try to minimize the extent to which you intentionally deceive. ?On the other hand, you may be even more motivated to hide your deepest personal secrets.
Lie detectors have their place in understanding the psychology of lying, but they clearly have their limitations. Good liars can defeat most of these instruments by controlling their breathing and other indicators of their stress levels. ?Another way to detect lying is to observe a person?s ?micro-expressions?. Again, a good liar (or actor) can easily exert control over those mini-muscles of the face and sail through even the most grueling cross-examination.
Enter the fMRI. A brain scanning method increasingly being used to watch your brain as you solve problems, answer questions, remember nonsense words, or look at pictures depicting various situations, the fMRI may hold promise as a way to examine the brain?s reaction as we decide to tell the truth or lie. ?Researchers who use this and other brain scanning methods claim that our brains make decisions about half a second before we ?know? we do. Such findings certainly raise questions about the nature of free will and consciousness. However, without getting into these thorny philosophical debates, there may be some practical applications. The technology of brain scanning may mean that someone can see what you?re thinking before even you know it yourself.
Lying takes more cognitive effort than telling the truth. ?Brain scan results reflect this fact.? When people lie, they need to keep information in working memory (to remember what they?ve said) while also suppressing or inhibiting the actual truth. Liars also have to use up more mental energy to switch between truth-telling (such as stating their names) and fibbing (such as stating their whereabouts or actions). ?The only way that liars can avoid being caught is if their stories are consistent. Even if the truth of something you?ve done involves complicated facts, there is only one story that you have to tell. ?No matter how many times you?re questioned, your answers will come out the same. The only exceptions occur during confessions under duress, when a truth-teller finally gives up in confusion, fatigue, or misdirection from the questioner.
Presumably, the same cognitive effort should be involved in lying about your personal qualities or lying to preserve someone else?s feelings, the areas in which gender differences have been identified.? This was the basis for an fMRI study by Polish researcher Artur Marchewka and his colleagues, who compared the brain scans of men and women while lying and telling the truth about either personal or factual material. They brought in a sample of young adult men and women (ages 21-28) and asked them a series of questions while conducting fMRI scans. ?Half the questions involved personal information that participants had earlier shared about themselves (such as their names) and the other half involved general knowledge that participants stated that they knew (such as historical facts). The participants were given an incentive, as they were promised rewards for being the best ?truth-tellers? or ?liars.? ?Their task was to say ?yes? on half the trials and ?no? the other half. They also were told that a lie expert was watching their faces while they responded (which was actually a lie) and that their stress levels were being monitored through a fake device placed on one of their fingers (also a lie). ?To measure their ?psychological? gender, the participants also completed a questionnaire that tests masculine and feminine sex roles.
The experimenters compared men and women in both the length of time it took participants to respond ?yes? or ?no? to the questions and their brain activation patterns.? Men showed greater difficulty (i.e. took longer) when they lied about their personal information than when they lied about general information. More to the point, their brain scans showed that these personal lies swallowed up more neural energy in their frontal lobes, which is the part of the brain involved in executive control and decision-making. ?Women showed no differences in their brain activation or response time between the general and personal lying questions.? Taking into account the person?s psychological gender role didn?t change the findings. From these results, the authors concluded that male-female differences in lying are due to biology, not socialization. Women, they maintain, just find it biologically easier to lie about personal information or at least find it no easier to lie about personal vs. non-personal information.
We might question this last conclusion about the role of socialization. Claims about biologically caused sex differences in, for example, sexuality, are often attributed to evolution?s differential pressures on men and women.? We can bicker with these claims, which may be as much political as factual, though the facts tend to favor lack of biologically-caused differences.? When it comes to the brain, however, there are many reasons to reject biologically-based claims. The brains we?re born with aren?t necessarily the brains we keep throughout our lives. Experience shapes and reshapes our neurons as they adapt and grow with our experiences. Women may learn that it?s important and even necessary to tell lies about themselves, such as their age, given the negative attitudes in our society toward older women. ?In many situations, women may also have to lie about other attributes to avoid seeming ?better? than the men in their lives. ?Our brains rewire themselves constantly based on the experiences we feed them. ?The more often we have to (or feel we have to) lie about ourselves, the easier it gets, and the less effort our brains must exert.
Apart from what the study tells us about sex differences, the findings point to fascinating new ways we may be able to separate the liars from the truth-tellers in all kinds of situations. I doubt if you?re ready to purchase a portable MRI to check out your next potential date, employee or employer, or friend. ?However, you may be able to perform your own virtual checks of those in your social world by using other more readily available cues. Response times, tiny furrows in the forehead, and general inconsistencies in stories are your best bets for spotting a social liar. ??When it comes to your own lies, obviously, you are better off being honest than lying. Not only is it more ethical to tell the truth, but will also save your brain for more important, and productive uses, of its energy.?
Follow me on?Twitter?@swhitbo?for daily updates on psychology, health, and?aging. Feel free to join my?Facebook?group, "Fulfillment at Any Age," to discuss today's blog, or to ask further questions about this posting.
Copyright Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Ph.D. 2012
Reference:
Marchewka A,?Jednorog K,?Falkiewicz M,?Szeszkowski W,?Grabowska A,?et al.?(2012)?Sex, Lies and fMRI?Gender Differences in Neural Basis of Deception.?PLoS ONE?7(8):?e43076.?doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043076
Source: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201211/sex-lies-and-the-brain
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Would Charles Darwin Have Made a Good Congressman?
Posted by Soulskill from the descent-by-natural-election dept.
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Saturday, November 10, 2012
Dronestragram Shows You Filtered Aerial Shots Of Where People Just Got Killed
Michigan Family's Home Movies Found Scattered Around Balboa Park
ENCINO (CBSLA.com) ? A walk with a man?s dog uncovered years of memories for a Michigan family.
The man uncovered home movies scattered all around a park. Only the park was no where near Michigan.
Richard Ellman of Tarzana found the silent 8 mm movies in Balboa Park while walking Robo for their morning ritual.
?Actually, he walks me,? quips Ellman.
During a recent stroll, Ellman came across a box labeled ?8mm movies.?
He recalls the box ?was upside down and empty.?
Then Ellman began picking up strips. There was, he recalls, ?Film all over the place. Spread all over.?
Suzie Suh, reporting for CBS2 and KCAL9, returned to the park with Ellman and they found more film. ?There?s another little piece here.?
Ellman did his best to organize his find. And in doing so, he found out a lot about one family.
There was ?Christmas of 1963.? He also stumbled upon ?1964. 60th Birthday.? And a great ?1972 vacation.?
Ellman also discovered a Michigan address on the film boxes. ?I tried to call but he wasn?t listed,? Ellman recalls.
The film finder reached out to us and we found Kenneth Kulow in Michigan. In turn, he told us he has a grandson in LA, named Mark Kulow.
It turns out Kulow?s storage unit in Canoga Park was recently burglarized. He didn?t even know the box was missing until we told him.
When he saw some of the films, the memories came flooding back. ?This is my grandfather?s. He bought a camera when my oldest brother was born.?
We also told him someone found it. And reports, Suh: talk about a special delivery.
Ellman met Kulow to return his priceless family memories. ?Hi. How you doing? I think these belong to you.?
Kulow was understandably appreciative. ?There?s still good people in the world. This just confirms that.?
Ellman says no reward necessary. ?I have a box like that at home.?
He hopes that someone else would do the same for him.
Kulow says he?ll return the favor with dinner and a lifetime of gratitude.
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Accountant Job Opportunity Kenya 2012 | Career Point Kenya
Accountant Job Kenya. Vacancy: Accountant Position
Our Client, a Group of Companies based in Nairobi with interests in the Real Estate and Education Sectors, seeks to fill the position of an Accountant.
Position: Accountant
Reporting To:? Group Finance and Administration Manager
Purpose of the Job
The successful candidate will be responsible for ensuring that financial resources and assets of the Group of Companies are:
Carry audits
correctly disbursed
prudent Invested
fully accounted for
reported efficiently.
Key Accountabilities and Duties
In consultation with the Group Finance & Admin. Manager, come up with sound corporate governance policies that will help in identifying risks and develop controls that will minimize risks.
Constantly review systems that will ensure efficient management of financial resources.
Ensure timely and accurate accounting, reporting and analysis so as to help management in decision making.
Ensure efficient revenue collection, disbursement, accounting and payment of statutory taxes and levies and their reporting.
Ensure financial reports are prepared and submitted in compliance with the company guidelines.
Manage all financial relationships with external and internal customers. (Filing of tax returns).
Prepare staff and wages payroll.
Ability to carry out Audits.
Prepare management accounts, budgets and periodic financial performance reports for presentation to Management.
Debt management.
Oversee the protection of all company assets in and around Nairobi and other outer stations e.g. Mombasa.
Preparing annual accounts and manage the auditing process.
Any other duties assigned by the Group Finance & Admin. Manager.
Supervise and oversee the Finance, Audit & HR Staff.
Will be required to work in two different offices every week within Nairobi.
Educational / Professional Qualifications & Work Experience
Minimum experience: ? 8 years experience in a busy accounting office for an Educational and Real Estate Business, 5 of which MUST be in at a senior position.
CPA (K) or ACCA qualification is a must.
Bachelors degree from a recognized university will be an added advantage.
Ability to use computers including MS Office.
Good knowledge and ability to use accounting packages e.g. SAGE PASTEL etc is a must.
The ideal candidate will be a person of high integrity, mature (at least 40years old) and responsible.
Please indicate your current monthly salary and proof of the same will be required during the interview.
?
Submission of Application
Candidates who meet the above specifications and should submit their application via email info@tqt.co.ke with a detailed CV three (3) names of referees, attach copies of education and professional certificates to reach us on or before Wednesday 14th November 2012 addressed to:
Executive Director,
Total Quality Training Consultants Ltd,
P. O. Box 470-00606 Sarit Centre,
Nairobi.
Please indicate the position as the subject when applying.
Source: http://www.careerpointkenya.com/2012/11/13768/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=13768
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Friday, November 9, 2012
UK PM warns of witch-hunt against gays in pedophile scandal
LONDON (Reuters) - British Prime Minister David Cameron warned on Thursday that speculation about the identity of an unidentified member of his ruling Conservative party accused of sexually abusing children could turn into a witch-hunt against gay people.
Cameron, who leads a troubled two-party coalition, ordered an investigation this week after a victim of child sexual abuse in Wales said a prominent Conservative political figure had abused him during the 1970s.
The claims, which follow the unmasking of late BBC star presenter Jimmy Savile as one of Britain's most prolific sex offenders, have stoked concern that a powerful pedophile ring may have operated in Britain in the 1970s and 1980s.
"I have heard all sorts of names bandied around and what then tends to happen is of course that everyone then sits around and speculates about people, some of whom are alive, some of whom are dead," Cameron said during an ITV television interview.
"It is very important that anyone who has got any information about any pedophile no matter how high up in the country go to the police," he said.
Britain's interior minister warned lawmakers this week that if they named suspected child abusers in parliament they risked jeopardizing future trials.
MPs benefit from "parliamentary privilege" - meaning they can speak inside parliament freely without fear of legal action on a host of legally sensitive issues that might otherwise attract lawsuits.
Reports of child abuse have provoked fevered speculation on the Internet about the identity of the Conservative figure from the era of Margaret Thatcher, prime minister from 1979 to 1990.
When the ITV interviewer passed Cameron a piece of paper with the names of people identified on the Internet as being alleged child abusers, Cameron said:
"There is a danger if we are not careful that this could turn into a sort of witch-hunt particularly against people who are gay."
"I am worried about the sort of thing you are doing right now - giving me a list of names you have taken off the Internet," Cameron said.
The BBC aired a program last week in which Steven Messham, one of hundreds of victims of sexual abuse at children's care homes in Wales over two decades, said he had been sexually abused by a prominent Conservative political figure.
However, the BBC reporter said he could not name the figure because there was "simply not enough evidence to name names".
(Reporting by Guy Faulconbridge; Editing by Andrew Osborn)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/uk-pm-warns-witch-hunt-against-gays-pedophile-125112870.html
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Wednesday, November 7, 2012
Election Day 2012 Timeline Features Hours of TV Coverage as Polls Close
More than a year of debates, advertisements, gaffes and campaign speeches come down to an entire day of voting. Tuesday marks the nationwide election between Democratic President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney. Results won't be official for a couple of weeks. However, thanks to exit polling, media outlets may begin calling states as victories for one candidate over another when polls close in each state.
All times listed are Eastern.
6 p.m.: Some polls close in Indiana, Kentucky
The first polls to close are in the Eastern time zone of Kentucky and Indiana. These two states are complicated in that they are bifurcated by two different time zones. While the eastern portions of Kentucky and Indiana are done voting, the western half remains open for another hour. The Green Papers offers an alphabetical glance of polling hours across the United States.
Cable news networks aren't restricted by regular broadcast programming. As such, networks begin full-time coverage of the election in the early evening. CNN, Fox News and MSNBC begin their analyses as the first polls close. Networks offer specials throughout the day, but the best analysts come out at night. Channel Guide Magazine reveals when major networks start broadcasting during the evening.
7 p.m.: More polls close including Florida
The first major swing state closes its polls at 7 p.m. Florida, with its 29 electoral votes, wraps up voting just as broadcast networks CBS, ABC and NBC begin full coverage for seven hours into early Wednesday morning. Polls close in South Carolina, Virginia and Georgia as well.
7:30 p.m.: North Carolina, Ohio finish
Two swing states close polling places at 7:30 p.m. North Carolina and Ohio may be determined early in the broadcast evening if exit polling margins are wide enough.
8 p.m.: PBS starts coverage as more states close polls
On the east coast, several states close polls at 8 p.m. Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Pennsylvania are done in the evening. The Wall Street Journal notes New Jersey will be an interesting place to monitor during the election as citizens will be allowed to vote by email due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy. Mississippi, Alabama, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas finish at this time.
PBS starts its election night coverage at more states close. The public broadcasting network may offer a different kind of coverage that major cable networks don't have.
9 p.m.: New York polls close
With each state closing its polls, networks begin calling who wins which state. New York is done at 9 p.m., in addition to Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Wisconsin and Wyoming.
10 p.m.: Iowa, Nevada are done
The fate of Obama and Romney may be decided as early at 10 p.m. on the east coast. That's when Iowa is done voting, one of the key Midwestern swing states . Nevada also shutters its polling places at the same time.
11 p.m.: California finishes
The most populous state in the nation finishes at 11 p.m. on the east coast. California's 55 electoral votes are a huge grab for whoever wins.
William Browning is a research librarian specializing in U.S. politics.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/election-day-2012-timeline-features-hours-tv-coverage-183800216.html
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